
What will you build?
1) You will build a peer-to-peer system from scratch
2) You will secure the system with a day-to-day practical cryptography
3) You will implement Bitcoin and Ethereum backend components
4) You will write unit tests and integration tests for all core components


Follow the story of a software developer who is looking to revolutionize his local bar by implementing blockchain technology for its payment system.

Build a Blockchain from Scratch in Go


Most explanations struggle to clarify how and why they work, so zk-SNARKs remain somewhat “magical” and elusive, deterring developers from exploring or utilizing them in projects. Resources are scattered across blog posts and GitHub libraries. This results in a high barrier to entry, thereby slowing the widespread adoption of zk-SNARKs and associated privacy-enhancing technologies. Even worse, implementing zk-SNARKs without understanding the fundamentals of how they work increases the potential for security issues.

We want to change that with our MoonMath Manual to zk-SNARKs, designed for an audience with only minimal experience in cryptography and programming.

What is particularly unique about the MoonMath Manual is that it is designed to enable users to construct zk-SNARKs using simple pen-and-paper computations. Throughout the manual, users are encouraged to complete exercises that ensure they engage with the foundational building blocks of zk-SNARKs. While doing that, readers build the smallest possible — but fully functional — cryptographic stack to compute zk-SNARK internals without the need of a computer.

As users go through the manual, they will grasp mathematical concepts that are not only used in SNARKs, but also in other zero-knowledge proofs and cryptography more generally.


The MoonMath Manual is a resource for anyone interested in understanding and unlocking the potential of zk-SNARKs

The MoonMath Manual


Welcome to CryptoHack! These introductory challenges are designed to walk you through the process of solving challenges and submitting flags. Complete the challenges to earn your first gold trophy.

Learn about modern cryptography by solving a series of interactive puzzles and challenges.

CryptoHack


Welcome to CryptoHack! We've curated sets of challenges into guided tours, introducing our players to the fundamentals of modern cryptography.


## Introductory Modules

- What is a SNARK?
- Building a SNARK (part 1)
- Building a SNARK (part 2)

## Whiteboard Sessions with ZK Projects​

- SNARKs vs. STARKS with Brendan and Bobbin
- PLONK and Custom Gates with Adrian Hamelink
- Lookup Arguments for Performance Optimisation with Mary Maller
- Zero Knowledge Virtual Machine (zkVM) with grjte
- Achieving Decentralised Private Computation with Pratyush Mishra
- Introduction to zkRollups with Barry Whitehat
- zkEVM with Jordi Baylina
- ZK Swaps with Henry de Valence
- zkID with Oleksandr Brezhniev
- Fast Recursion with Plonky2 with William Borgeaud

ZK Whiteboard Sessions is an educational series on all things zero knowledge

ZK Whiteboard Sessions


Lit Protocol is a decentralized key management network that powers encryption, access control, and automation for web3 applications. Read the [docs](https://developer.litprotocol.com/) to learn more.

The Lit grant program is looking to fund projects that improve developer experience and community development in the web3 ecosystem. We want to support those who are building the infrastructure and applications that will make it easier for people to use and develop Lit-enabled applications.


The Lit grant program is looking to fund projects that improve developer experience and community development in the web3 ecosystem.

Lit Protocol Grants

Free resources to learn about Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and Cryptography

Road to ZK


Inside the Dark Web turns to the topic of internet surveillance concerning the pros and cons of the ability for everything that passes over the immense World Wide Web being able to be watched, recorded, and analyzed.

Documentary about the history of web3 and the cypherpunks.

Inside the Dark Web


Zero Knowledge is a podcast which goes deep into the tech that will power the emerging decentralised web and the community building this. Covering the latest in zero knowledge research and applications, the open web as well as future technologies and paradigms that promise to change the way we interact — and transact — with one another online.

Zero Knowledge is hosted by Anna Rose

Where we talk about zero knowledge research and the decentralised web

Zero Knowledge


The easiest way to integrate succinct verifiable on-chain computation using hidden information in custom applications that execute on a credibly-neutral immutable public ledger.

Essentially, it's zero knowledge for those with zero knowledge.

zero knowledge for those with zero knowledge

zk-starter


Magic technology, advancing civilization, short letters, privacy, and a future that's already here. That's Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) in a nutshell. What's going on?

Zero Knowledge Proofs are magic. They allow us to do things we couldn't dream of before.

A Friendly Introduction to Zero Knowledge

This article walks you through how to build a zk-circuit using the halo2 rust crate by the Zcash team.

Constructing ZK SNARK Circuits


This tutorial covers the basics of the science of cryptography. It explains how programmers and network professionals can use cryptography to maintain the privacy of computer data. Starting with the origins of cryptography, it moves on to explain cryptosystems, various traditional and modern ciphers, public key encryption, data integration, message authentication, and digital signatures.

This tutorial is meant for students of computer science who aspire to learn the basics of cryptography. It will be useful for networking professionals as well who would like to incorporate various cryptographic algorithms to ensure secure data communication over their networks.

This tutorial has been prepared with the view to make it useful for almost anyone who is curious about cryptography. A basic knowledge of computer science and a secondary level of mathematics knowledge is sufficient to make the most of this tutorial.

This tutorial covers the basics of the science of cryptography.

Learn Cryptography


As most of you probably have some crypto assets on your own, you might have heard of the words ‘public key’ and ‘private key’. In a blockchain network, the public key kind of works as your address. If anyone else in the network wants to send you some funds, he or she is going to send it to your public key. Your private key can be seen as your signature — whenever you like to make a transaction of funds, you prove that you are the one owning the private key belonging to your public key without showing it to anyone in the network. Participants of the network, who check your transaction, can prove that you, with your public key, are the owner of the private key, without even knowing what it is. Pretty cool! But how does this really work on a more fundamental level? Let’s dig a little bit into the theory.

This article gives an introduction to understanding elliptic curve cryptography and coding it.

Learn how to code elliptic curve cryptography


In this series of posts, we will show how to execute a PLONK zero-knowledge proof system completely by hand. All of the math used in these posts can reasonably be done with just pencil-and-paper (and a little patience). For each kind of computation we will give you at least one fully worked example—often several—and tricks to help save time and notebook paper.

Most of the math we will do is elementary, though some higher-level concepts do appear. This series assumes the reader is familiar with polynomial and matrix arithmetic as well as finite fields and their simple extensions.

Having some knowledge about elliptic curves will be helpful, but the needed formulas are provided and can be used even if you are unfamiliar with them.

While this series is intended to show that even a complex construction like PLONK can be done on paper, you might want to use a computational helper like WolframAlpha to move through the posts more quickly, if you wish.

In this first post we will show you how to choose parameters, run a trusted setup, and convert a statement into a PLONK-style circuit by hand. The next post will show you how to create a proof, and in the final post in the series we will verify the proof.

This article will explain how to execute a PLONK zero-knowledge proof system completely by hand.

PLONK by Hand


You know how data structures and algorithms are pretty much Computer Science 101? They’re fundamental to just about everything in the field. Well, polynomials are just as fundamental to zero knowledge proofs (ZKPs).

In case you need a primer, ZKPs let us prove a fact without revealing the fact. You can read my [ZKP 101 post](https://www.zkcamp.xyz/blog/what-is-a-zkp-anyway) for all the details. But before we get into level 201, there’s a bit of math and cryptography we should cover.

In this blog post, we’ll focus on the math that makes ZKPs possible: Polynomials. Why? Because they’re really helpful in three major ways:

- They can encode an unbounded amount of data
- They can encode relationships between data
- They let us efficiently check whether two pieces of data are the same


You can't understand ZKPs without understanding polynomials

Polynomials 101


In this series we try to demystify zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) for the rest of non-math nerds. Since writing [part 1](https://dev.to/tonyolendo/the-complete-full-stack-guide-to-getting-started-with-zero-knowledge-proofs-using-circom-and-zk-snarks-part-1-53gi), my thoughts on the subject have evolved. I’m more drawn to answering the following questions

- Can anyone be a ZK developer?
- Is there a simple path that we can define for anyone to get started in writing ZK circuits?

The simple answer to all the questions above is yes! Most assuredly, yes. How? Just learn [Circom](https://iden3.io/circom) and you’ll be well on your way.


This tutorial series explains the mechanics of the STARK proof system. It is directed towards a technically-inclined audience with knowledge of basic maths and programming.

Anatomy of a STARK

Start building zero-knowledge products without a degree in computer science and math!

Zero-knowledge is easy or the ultimate how-to article


## Overview

Zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) enable privacy and scalability for blockchain applications. This tutorial explores how to implement ZK applications on Solana using Light Protocol and other ZK frameworks.

Key topics covered:

- Understanding ZK proofs and their applications on Solana
- Setting up Light Protocol SDK for Solana development
- Creating ZK circuits for common use cases
- Implementing privacy-preserving transfers and computations
- Verifying ZK proofs within Solana programs
- Optimizing for performance and minimizing proof costs
- Building user interfaces for ZK applications

Solana's high performance and low transaction costs make it an excellent platform for ZK applications. Unlike other blockchains where ZK proofs can be prohibitively expensive, Solana enables practical privacy-preserving applications that remain cost-effective even with complex proofs. 

Learn how to develop privacy-preserving applications using zero-knowledge proofs on Solana with Light Protocol and other ZK frameworks.

Building Zero-Knowledge Applications on Solana


An exploration of MiMC, Poseidon, and Vision/Rescue, along with a deep dive into SNARK and STARK complexity.

ZK-Friendly Hash Functions


This is a very basic visual introduction to the concepts behind a blockchain. We introduce the idea of an immutable ledger using an interactive web demo.

Blockchain 101 - A visual demo


This is part two in my basic visual introduction to the concepts behind a blockchain. We build on the concepts from the previous video and introduce public / private key pairs and signing using an interactive web demo.

We build on the concepts from the previous video and introduce public / private key pairs and signing using an interactive web demo.

Blockchain 101 - Keys & signing


What are zero-knowledge proofs? Justin Thaler (a16z crypto, Georgetown University) demystifies key concepts in this rapidly evolving and increasingly important space. This talk sheds light on the fundamentals of zero-knowledge proofs and SNARKS – including how people are using them today, how web3 startups should be thinking about them, and how they might be used in future. 

Introduction to ZKP

Crypto Glossary: Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain.

a16z crypto glossary


A curated list of cryptography resources and links.

#cryptography

🎓 ZK Whiteboard Sessions

📺 Blockchain 101 - A visual demo

📺 Introduction to ZKP